NVDA / H13 / CASH FLOW & EQUITY VALUE
H13:从经营现金流到独立股票估值H13: from operating cash flows to independent stock valueH13:從經營現金流到獨立股票估值
市场与输入截面为2026-10-06收盘 $239.24,行情于2026-10-07 11:07纽约重新核验;不是10月7日收盘估值。经营/EPS路径保留冻结H09资料,资本现金字段本轮重新提取。最新资本报表截至2026-07-26,申报2026-08-26,股数封面日2026-08-21;历史资料按原始申报+1日重建可用性,完整不可变PIT档案仍不齐全。The market/input cutoff is the 2026-10-06 close of $239.24, rechecked on October 7 at 11:07 New York; this is not an October 7 closing valuation. Operating/EPS paths retain frozen H09 inputs; capital/cash fields were extracted for this study. The latest capital report ends July 26, filed August 26, with cover shares dated August 21. Historical availability is reconstructed from original filings plus one day; a complete immutable PIT archive is still absent.市場與輸入截面為2026-10-06收盤 $239.24,行情於2026-10-07 11:07紐約重新核驗;不是10月7日收盤估值。經營/EPS路徑保留凍結H09資料,資本現金字段本輪重新提取。最新資本報表截至2026-07-26,申報2026-08-26,股數封面日2026-08-21;歷史資料按原始申報+1日重建可用性,完整不可變PIT檔案仍不齊全。
| 期限Horizon期限 | H13基准独立计算值H13 Base independent valueH13基準獨立計算值 | H09价格预测参考H09 price-forecast referenceH09價格預測參考 |
|---|---|---|
| 0M | $260.11 | $239.24 |
| 6M | $272.95 | $286.91 |
| 12M | $286.36 | $326.21 |
H13 已完成独立现金流估值,但本轮三年股价误差及分析师平均目标价差异均大于H09。预设联合门槛未通过;保留H09价格预测研究参考,H13只作为条件基本面与现金折现解释层。它没有提升本次样本的预测表现,未晋升正式模型。H13 completes an independent cash valuation, but three-year price errors and analyst-target gaps are both larger than H09 in this study. The prespecified joint screen does not pass. Retain H09 as the research price-forecast reference; H13 remains a conditional fundamental and cash-discounting explanation layer. It does not improve this sample’s forecast performance and is not promoted to a formal model.H13 已完成獨立現金流估值,但本輪三年股價誤差及分析師平均目標價差異均大於H09。預設聯合門檻未通過;保留H09價格預測研究參考,H13只作為條件基本面與現金折現解釋層。它沒有提升本次樣本的預測表現,未晉升正式模型。
当前三种情景:0M、6M、12MCurrent scenarios: 0M, 6M and 12M當前三種情景:0M、6M、12M
市场与输入截面为2026-10-06收盘 $239.24,行情于2026-10-07 11:07纽约重新核验;不是10月7日收盘估值。经营/EPS路径保留冻结H09资料,资本现金字段本轮重新提取。最新资本报表截至2026-07-26,申报2026-08-26,股数封面日2026-08-21;历史资料按原始申报+1日重建可用性,完整不可变PIT档案仍不齐全。The market/input cutoff is the 2026-10-06 close of $239.24, rechecked on October 7 at 11:07 New York; this is not an October 7 closing valuation. Operating/EPS paths retain frozen H09 inputs; capital/cash fields were extracted for this study. The latest capital report ends July 26, filed August 26, with cover shares dated August 21. Historical availability is reconstructed from original filings plus one day; a complete immutable PIT archive is still absent.市場與輸入截面為2026-10-06收盤 $239.24,行情於2026-10-07 11:07紐約重新核驗;不是10月7日收盤估值。經營/EPS路徑保留凍結H09資料,資本現金字段本輪重新提取。最新資本報表截至2026-07-26,申報2026-08-26,股數封面日2026-08-21;歷史資料按原始申報+1日重建可用性,完整不可變PIT檔案仍不齊全。
保守情景Bear scenario保守情景
| 期限Horizon期限 | 目标日 → 盈利窗口末日Target → earnings-window end目標日 → 盈利窗口末日 | Core EPS | 隐含P/EImplied P/E隱含P/E | 计算值 USD/股Calculated USD/share計算值 USD/股 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0M | 2026-10-06 → 2027-10-06 | 12.94253 | 12.26388× | $158.73 |
| 6M | 2027-04-06 → 2028-04-06 | 14.84717 | 11.30066× | $167.78 |
| 12M | 2027-10-06 → 2028-10-06 | 16.35411 | 10.83736× | $177.24 |
基准情景Base scenario基準情景
| 期限Horizon期限 | 目标日 → 盈利窗口末日Target → earnings-window end目標日 → 盈利窗口末日 | Core EPS | 隐含P/EImplied P/E隱含P/E | 计算值 USD/股Calculated USD/share計算值 USD/股 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0M | 2026-10-06 → 2027-10-06 | 13.91777 | 18.68892× | $260.11 |
| 6M | 2027-04-06 → 2028-04-06 | 16.69072 | 16.35343× | $272.95 |
| 12M | 2027-10-06 → 2028-10-06 | 18.97735 | 15.08962× | $286.36 |
乐观情景Bull scenario樂觀情景
| 期限Horizon期限 | 目标日 → 盈利窗口末日Target → earnings-window end目標日 → 盈利窗口末日 | Core EPS | 隐含P/EImplied P/E隱含P/E | 计算值 USD/股Calculated USD/share計算值 USD/股 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0M | 2026-10-06 → 2027-10-06 | 14.98123 | 34.12940× | $511.30 |
| 6M | 2027-04-06 → 2028-04-06 | 18.77326 | 28.35113× | $532.24 |
| 12M | 2027-10-06 → 2028-10-06 | 22.02721 | 25.15362× | $554.06 |
情景由事先固定的折现率、终值增长和资本政策假设定义,不是统计置信区间或分析师一致预期。隐含P/E=该期限独立股价价值÷同一期限Core EPS;倍数是计算结果,不是输入的估值锚。Scenarios follow prespecified discount-rate, terminal-growth and capital-policy assumptions. They are not statistical confidence intervals or analyst consensus. Implied P/E equals independent per-share value divided by Core EPS at the same horizon; the multiple is an output, not an input valuation anchor.情景由事先固定的折現率、終值增長和資本政策假設定義,不是統計置信區間或分析師一致預期。隱含P/E=該期限獨立股價價值÷同一期限Core EPS;倍數是計算結果,不是輸入的估值錨。
H09研究参考H09 research referenceH09研究參考
| 期限Horizon期限 | 目标日 → 盈利窗口末日Target → earnings-window end目標日 → 盈利窗口末日 | Core EPS | 隐含P/EImplied P/E隱含P/E | 计算值 USD/股Calculated USD/share計算值 USD/股 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0M | 2026-10-06 → 2027-10-06 | 13.86619 | 17.25348× | $239.24 |
| 6M | 2027-04-06 → 2028-04-06 | 16.62886 | 17.25348× | $286.91 |
| 12M | 2027-10-06 → 2028-10-06 | 18.90702 | 17.25348× | $326.21 |
H09的0M为市场价格锚,6M和12M是保持市场P/E的盈利增长条件预测。H13是否更接近未来交易价格要另看相同样本检验,不能把独立估值身份本身当作预测优势。H09 0M is the market-price anchor; 6M and 12M are earnings-growth conditional forecasts with held market P/E. Whether H13 better approximates future trading prices requires matched evaluation; an independent valuation identity does not itself establish forecast advantage.H09的0M為市場價格錨,6M和12M是保持市場P/E的盈利增長條件預測。H13是否更接近未來交易價格要另看相同樣本檢驗,不能把獨立估值身份本身當作預測優勢。
经营利润怎样转成股东价值How operating earnings become shareholder value經營利潤怎樣轉成股東價值
基准情景的前十季收入和GAAP经营利润金额精确沿用冻结H09。保守和乐观情景保持第一季指引,从第二季分别按0.75倍和1.25倍缩放初始增长信号。现金流层扣除资本采购、营运资本投入与资产融资本金储备,加入折旧摊销;股权层处理已知现金、非经营投资、优先债权和期限内资本分配。The Base scenario preserves frozen H09 revenue and GAAP operating-income dollars exactly for the first ten quarters. Bear and Bull preserve guided Q1, then scale initial growth by 0.75 and 1.25 from Q2. The cash-flow layer deducts capital purchases, working-capital investment and an asset-financing principal reserve, and adds depreciation/amortization. The equity layer handles known cash, non-operating investments, senior claims and distributions through each horizon.基準情景的前十季收入和GAAP經營利潤金額精確沿用凍結H09。保守和樂觀情景保持第一季指引,從第二季分別按0.75倍和1.25倍縮放初始增長信號。現金流層扣除資本採購、營運資本投入與資產融資本金儲備,加入折舊攤銷;股權層處理已知現金、非經營投資、優先債權和期限內資本分配。
| 步骤Step步驟 | 关系Relationship關係 |
|---|---|
| 税后经营利润After-tax operating income税後經營利潤 | NOPAT = GAAP operating income × (1 − assumed tax rate) |
| 经营现金流近似Operating cash-flow approximation經營現金流近似 | NOPAT + D&A − capital purchases − change in operating NWC − principal reserve |
| 经营价值Operating value經營價值 | Discount future operating cash flows and the stated terminal value at WACC |
| 股权桥接Equity bridge股權橋接 | Operating value + horizon cash + held non-operating investments − stated senior claims |
| 每股价值与倍数Per-share value and multiple每股價值與倍數 | Equity value / stated diluted-share proxy; implied P/E = per-share value / Core EPS |
这是一套明确披露边界的经营现金流近似。资产融资本金付款、尚未映射的融资负债、投资税负及期权权益未完全还原时,不应将它称为无缺口的严格FCFF。具体现金扣项与债权是否重复计入必须以冻结协议和资产桥接为准。This is an operating cash-flow approximation, not strict FCFF. Unmapped financing claims, investment taxes and option equity claims remain incomplete. The asset-financing principal reserve is deducted once in operating cash flows and is not deducted a second time in the cash ledger. The frozen protocol and equity bridge determine cash deductions and prevent counting the same claim twice.這是一套明確披露邊界的經營現金流近似。資產融資本金付款、尚未映射的融資負債、投資税負及期權權益未完全還原時,不應將它稱為無缺口的嚴格FCFF。具體現金扣項與債權是否重複計入必須以凍結協議和資產橋接為準。
基准前10季经营美元路径精确沿用H09,延伸到共同终点2031-10-06;保守/乐观的第一指引季相同,其后初始增长乘0.75/1.25。经营经济现金流=税后GAAP营业利润+折旧摊销−资本采购−营运资本增加−资产融资本金储备。采购、折旧、本金强度采用当时TTM/收入;营运资本存量=最新NWC/TTM年收入×未来滚动四季年收入。SBC已经作为GAAP费用保留,不加回,也不重复扣未来同一SBC稀释。Base operating dollars exactly retain H09 for the first ten quarters, extended to the shared October 6, 2031 terminal date. Bear/Bull retain the guided first quarter, then scale initial growth by 0.75/1.25. Economic operating cash flow equals after-tax GAAP operating income plus D&A, less capital purchases, the increase in operating NWC and an asset-principal reserve. Purchases, D&A and principal intensities use as-of TTM revenue. NWC stock equals latest NWC/annual TTM sales times forecast rolling-four-quarter sales. SBC remains a GAAP expense: no add-back or second deduction for future dilution from the same SBC.基準前10季經營美元路徑精確沿用H09,延伸到共同終點2031-10-06;保守/樂觀的第一指引季相同,其後初始增長乘0.75/1.25。經營經濟現金流=税後GAAP營業利潤+折舊攤銷−資本採購−營運資本增加−資產融資本金儲備。採購、折舊、本金強度採用當時TTM/收入;營運資本存量=最新NWC/TTM年收入×未來滾動四季年收入。SBC已經作為GAAP費用保留,不加回,也不重複扣未來同一SBC稀釋。
| 基准预测年份Base forecast year基準預測年份 | 同一条经营路径的窗口Window on the common operating path同一條經營路徑的窗口 | 经济经营现金/NOPATEconomic operating cash / NOPAT經濟經營現金/NOPAT |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2026-10-06 → 2027-10-06 | 82.68% |
| 2 | 2027-10-06 → 2028-10-06 | 89.17% |
| 3 | 2028-10-06 → 2029-10-06 | 92.86% |
| 4 | 2029-10-06 → 2030-10-06 | 95.19% |
| 5 | 2030-10-06 → 2031-10-06 | 96.43% |
该比例是固定资本强度和增长逐步放缓下的预测结果,未加入SBC现金加回,不能当作公司已经实现的现金转化率。This ratio is projected under fixed capital intensities and decaying growth, without an SBC cash add-back. It is not an already realized company cash-conversion rate.該比例是固定資本強度和增長逐步放緩下的預測結果,未加入SBC現金加回,不能當作公司已經實現的現金轉化率。
现金、投资与债权:每项只计一次Cash, investments and claims: count each item once現金、投資與債權:每項只計一次
| 当前项目Current item當前項目 | 金额 USDAmount USD金額 USD | 口径/缺口Basis / gap口徑/缺口 |
|---|---|---|
| 现金+确认债券Cash plus classified debt securities現金+確認債券 | $56.586B | 2026-07-26披露;详见分类及缺口July 26 reported basis; see classification and gaps2026-07-26披露;詳見分類及缺口 |
| 当前可交易股权投资Current marketable equity investments當前可交易股權投資 | $42.783B | 2026-07-26披露;详见分类及缺口July 26 reported basis; see classification and gaps2026-07-26披露;詳見分類及缺口 |
| 非上市/其他投资账面值Non-marketable/other investment carrying value非上市/其他投資賬面值 | $51.157B | 2026-07-26披露;详见分类及缺口July 26 reported basis; see classification and gaps2026-07-26披露;詳見分類及缺口 |
| 受限上市长期股权Restricted public LT equity受限上市長期股權 | $4.957B | 2026-07-26披露;详见分类及缺口July 26 reported basis; see classification and gaps2026-07-26披露;詳見分類及缺口 |
| 已确认高级债务Identified senior debt已確認高級債務 | $33.366B | 2026-07-26披露;详见分类及缺口July 26 reported basis; see classification and gaps2026-07-26披露;詳見分類及缺口 |
| 经营营运资本Operating NWC經營營運資本 | $56.024B | 2026-07-26披露;详见分类及缺口July 26 reported basis; see classification and gaps2026-07-26披露;詳見分類及缺口 |
| 稀释股数代理Diluted-share proxy稀釋股數代理 | 24.195B shares | 封面普通股+季度加权稀释增量;非精确期权清算Cover shares plus quarterly weighted dilution increment; not exact option settlement封面普通股+季度加權稀釋增量;非精確期權清算 |
| 未映射融资/投资税索取权Unmapped financing / investment-tax claims未映射融資/投資税索取權 | — | 未知,未假定为0Unknown, not assumed to be zero未知,未假定為0 |
现金等价物已经在现金余额内;债券投资只加入确认未与现金重叠的部分。历史未区分债券与权益的可交易证券保留总账面价值,其未来收益假设另行披露。非经营投资不进入经营利润后再被重复资本化。Cash equivalents are already inside cash. Add only confirmed debt securities that do not overlap with cash. Historically unclassified marketable securities retain their total carrying value, with future-return assumptions disclosed separately. Non-operating investments do not enter operating earnings and then get capitalized again.現金等價物已經在現金餘額內;債券投資只加入確認未與現金重疊的部分。歷史未區分債券與權益的可交易證券保留總賬面價值,其未來收益假設另行披露。非經營投資不進入經營利潤後再被重複資本化。
| 情景Scenario情景 | 期限Horizon期限 | 经营价值Operating value經營價值 | 经济现金余额Economic cash balance經濟現金餘額 | 持有投资Held investments持有投資 | 已计高级债务Stated senior debt已計高級債務 | 终值占经营价值Terminal share of operating value終值佔經營價值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 保守情景Bear scenario保守情景 | 0M | $3,679.012B | $95.824B | $98.897B | $33.366B | 61.05% |
| 保守情景Bear scenario保守情景 | 6M | $3,780.636B | $213.339B | $98.897B | $33.366B | 63.02% |
| 保守情景Bear scenario保守情景 | 12M | $3,862.487B | $360.194B | $98.897B | $33.366B | 65.45% |
| 基准情景Base scenario基準情景 | 0M | $6,131.959B | $95.824B | $98.897B | $33.366B | 71.30% |
| 基准情景Base scenario基準情景 | 6M | $6,320.930B | $217.578B | $98.897B | $33.366B | 72.72% |
| 基准情景Base scenario基準情景 | 12M | $6,487.439B | $375.535B | $98.897B | $33.366B | 74.51% |
| 乐观情景Bull scenario樂觀情景 | 0M | $12,209.557B | $95.824B | $98.897B | $33.366B | 82.16% |
| 乐观情景Bull scenario樂觀情景 | 6M | $12,590.038B | $222.049B | $98.897B | $33.366B | 83.01% |
| 乐观情景Bull scenario樂觀情景 | 12M | $12,947.788B | $392.259B | $98.897B | $33.366B | 84.11% |
共同现金账从最新报表日滚动未公布stub,之后逐日计入已扣本金储备的经营现金流,减估计税后高级债务利息及固定TTM派息;不再扣本金一次。现金和确认债券按税后10Y收益率计息,股权/其他投资固定账面值、零收益。经济现金是扣SBC经济成本的股东价值账户,不是未来银行现金承诺。高级债务固定扣一次;未来新净回购为0,S0代理固定。The shared cash account projects the unpublished stub from the latest balance date, then accumulates daily operating cash already net of the principal reserve, less estimated after-tax senior-debt interest and fixed TTM dividends. Principal is not deducted again. Cash and classified debt securities earn the after-tax 10Y rate; equity/other investments retain carrying values with zero return. Economic cash is a shareholder-value account after SBC economic cost, not a literal future bank-cash promise. Senior debt is deducted once; future new net repurchases are zero and the S0 proxy is fixed.共同現金賬從最新報表日滾動未公佈stub,之後逐日計入已扣本金儲備的經營現金流,減估計税後高級債務利息及固定TTM派息;不再扣本金一次。現金和確認債券按税後10Y收益率計息,股權/其他投資固定賬面值、零收益。經濟現金是扣SBC經濟成本的股東價值賬户,不是未來銀行現金承諾。高級債務固定扣一次;未來新淨回購為0,S0代理固定。
期限内从最近已公布资产负债表期末开始补齐一次未公布期间,再沿同一条每日现金账延伸。现金留存计入假设税后收益,扣除债务利息和固定派息;新净回购为零。由于GAAP经营利润已经扣除SBC,这里的经济现金是股东价值账户,不是银行现金的精确预测。Project the unreported stub once from the latest published balance-sheet period end, then extend one common daily cash ledger. Retained cash earns assumed after-tax yield and pays debt interest and fixed dividends; new net repurchases are zero. Because GAAP operating income already charges SBC, economic cash is a shareholder-value account rather than an exact bank-cash forecast.期限內從最近已公佈資產負債表期末開始補齊一次未公佈期間,再沿同一條每日現金賬延伸。現金留存計入假設税後收益,扣除債務利息和固定派息;新淨回購為零。由於GAAP經營利潤已經扣除SBC,這裏的經濟現金是股東價值賬户,不是銀行現金的精確預測。
已执行回购与授权额度分开。未来回购、派息、持有资产收益以及股数变化均属于协议政策假设;使用固定股数时,现金分配不能同时被解释为额外的每股增值。未分配到具体投资的税负或未确认融资余额必须保留为缺口。Executed repurchases are separate from authorizations. Future buybacks, dividends, returns on held assets and share changes are protocol policy assumptions. With fixed shares, a cash distribution cannot also be treated as additional per-share accretion. Taxes unallocated to investments and unidentified financing balances remain explicit gaps.已執行回購與授權額度分開。未來回購、派息、持有資產收益以及股數變化均屬於協議政策假設;使用固定股數時,現金分配不能同時被解釋為額外的每股增值。未分配到具體投資的税負或未確認融資餘額必須保留為缺口。
非经营投资按已确认账面金额持有,不预设增值;这是税前账面桥接,不等于可以变现的税后金额。较早未单独确认的受限长期公开股权仍是未知,不从当前资料回填。因此历史结果包含部分资产桥接缺口。Hold verified non-operating investments at carrying value without assumed appreciation. This is a gross carrying-value bridge, not verified realizable after-tax proceeds. Earlier unidentified restricted long-term public equity remains unknown, without present-period backfill. Historical outputs therefore retain partial-bridge gaps.非經營投資按已確認賬面金額持有,不預設增值;這是税前賬面橋接,不等於可以變現的税後金額。較早未單獨確認的受限長期公開股權仍是未知,不從當前資料回填。因此歷史結果包含部分資產橋接缺口。
折现率与终值:哪些是数据,哪些是假设Discounting and terminal value: data versus assumptions折現率與終值:哪些是數據,哪些是假設
国债收益率作为无风险利率输入;美联储政策利率不直接等于长期股权折现率。本分支的股权风险溢价、债务成本代理、账面资本权重和终值增长共同影响估值,不拟合额外风险系数。市场当前已经包含预期时,另加倍数折价可能重复计价,本分支通过现金流折现来展示这些假设。Treasury yields supply the risk-free-rate input; the Federal Reserve policy rate is not itself the long-term equity discount rate. This branch uses an assumed equity risk premium, debt-cost proxy, book capital weights and terminal growth without fitting an additional risk coefficient. An extra multiple discount can double-count expectations already in prices; this branch exposes those assumptions through cash-flow discounting.國債收益率作為無風險利率輸入;美聯儲政策利率不直接等於長期股權折現率。本分支的股權風險溢價、債務成本代理、賬面資本權重和終值增長共同影響估值,不擬合額外風險係數。市場當前已經包含預期時,另加倍數折價可能重複計價,本分支通過現金流折現來展示這些假設。
| 关系Relationship關係 | 说明Explanation説明 |
|---|---|
| kE = rf + 6%; kD = rf + 1% | 固定风险补偿与债务成本代理;不是拟合得到的市场风险溢价或实际融资利率。Fixed risk allowance and debt-cost proxy; neither is a fitted market risk premium or the actual financing rate.固定風險補償與債務成本代理;不是擬合得到的市場風險溢價或實際融資利率。 |
| WACC = (1 − wd) × kE + wd × kD × (1 − tax) + scenario shift | 使用已披露债务及账面权益权重,保守/基准/乐观折现调整为+2/0/−2个百分点,不以现价反向求出目标估值。Use reported debt and book-equity weights; Bear / Base / Bull shifts are +2 / 0 / −2 percentage points. Do not solve backward from spot price to a desired value.使用已披露債務及賬面權益權重,保守/基準/樂觀折現調整為+2/0/−2個百分點,不以現價反向求出目標估值。 |
| Terminal cash flow = NOPAT × (1 − g / ROIC) − principal-reserve ratio × revenue | 稳定期按增长与资本回报率保留再投资,再单独扣一次资产融资本金储备。Steady-state reinvestment follows growth and return on invested capital; the asset-financing principal reserve is deducted once separately.穩定期按增長與資本回報率保留再投資,再單獨扣一次資產融資本金儲備。 |
| Terminal value = terminal cash flow / (WACC − g) | 仅适用于协议定义的稳定期现金流;必须WACC>g,并披露终值占比。Applies only to the protocol-defined steady-state cash flow; WACC must exceed g and the terminal share must be disclosed.僅適用於協議定義的穩定期現金流;必須WACC>g,並披露終值佔比。 |
| 冻结输入/假设Frozen input / assumption凍結輸入/假設 | 保守情景Bear scenario保守情景 | 基准情景Base scenario基準情景 | 乐观情景Bull scenario樂觀情景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 经营加权资本成本Operating WACC經營加權資本成本 | 12.55% | 10.55% | 8.55% |
| 10年期国债无风险利率10Y Treasury risk-free rate10年期國債無風險利率 | 5.31% | 5.31% | 5.31% |
| 账面债务权重Book debt weight賬面債務權重 | 12.72% | 12.72% | 12.72% |
| 股权资本成本代理Equity-cost proxy股權資本成本代理 | 11.31% | 11.31% | 11.31% |
| 债务资本成本代理Debt-cost proxy債務資本成本代理 | 6.31% | 6.31% | 6.31% |
| 假设经营税率Assumed operating tax rate假設經營税率 | 15.00% | 15.00% | 15.00% |
| 终值增长率Terminal growth終值增長率 | 2.00% | 3.00% | 4.00% |
| 终值资本回报率假设Assumed terminal ROIC終值資本回報率假設 | 15.00% | 25.00% | 35.00% |
| 第二季起增长信号缩放Growth-signal scale from Q2第二季起增長信號縮放 | 0.750 | 1.000 | 1.250 |
| 共同终值期限(月)Common terminal horizon (months)共同終值期限(月) | 60.000 | 60.000 | 60.000 |
| 固定稀释股数代理(十亿股)Fixed diluted-share proxy (billions)固定稀釋股數代理(十億股) | 24.195 | 24.195 | 24.195 |
| 资本采购/收入Capital purchases / revenue資本採購/收入 | 2.43% | 2.43% | 2.43% |
| 折旧摊销/收入D&A / revenue折舊攤銷/收入 | 1.22% | 1.22% | 1.22% |
| 营运资本/年收入Operating NWC / annual revenue營運資本/年收入 | 18.49% | 18.49% | 18.49% |
| 资产融资本金储备/收入Asset-financing principal reserve / revenue資產融資本金儲備/收入 | 0.04% | 0.04% | 0.04% |
资本成本代理:kE=当时10Y+6%,kD=10Y+1%,税率15%;债务权重=高级债务/(高级债务+账面权益),不是市场WACC真值。保守/基准/乐观WACC偏移+2/0/−2个百分点,长期g为2/3/4%,终值ROIC为15/25/35%。共同5年终值经营现金=第6年NOPAT×(1−g/ROIC)−本金储备强度×第6年收入;其余生产资本/NWC不再扣一次。全路径利率固定为起点输入,无未来美联储利率预测。Capital-cost proxy: kE=as-of 10Y+6%, kD=10Y+1%, tax=15%, and debt weight=senior debt/(senior debt+book equity), not a true market WACC. Bear/Base/Bull WACC shifts are +2/0/−2 percentage points, terminal growth is 2/3/4% and terminal ROIC is 15/25/35%. Common five-year terminal cash equals year-six NOPAT*(1-g/ROIC) minus the principal-reserve intensity times year-six revenue; productive-capital/NWC reinvestment is not deducted a second time. Rates remain fixed at the origin; no future Fed-rate forecast enters the model.資本成本代理:kE=當時10Y+6%,kD=10Y+1%,税率15%;債務權重=高級債務/(高級債務+賬面權益),不是市場WACC真值。保守/基準/樂觀WACC偏移+2/0/−2個百分點,長期g為2/3/4%,終值ROIC為15/25/35%。共同5年終值經營現金=第6年NOPAT×(1−g/ROIC)−本金儲備強度×第6年收入;其餘生產資本/NWC不再扣一次。全路徑利率固定為起點輸入,無未來美聯儲利率預測。
长期增长、利润率与再投资必须互相一致。终值占比高意味着结论对长期假设敏感;加入终值不是证明这些假设正确。Long-run growth, margins and reinvestment must be consistent. A high terminal share makes the conclusion sensitive to long-run assumptions; adding a terminal value does not validate those assumptions.長期增長、利潤率與再投資必須互相一致。終值佔比高意味着結論對長期假設敏感;加入終值不是證明這些假設正確。
同一组三年起点:6M与12M交易价格比较Matched three-year origins: 6M and 12M trading-price comparison同一組三年起點:6M與12M交易價格比較
评价按2023-10-06至2026-10-06的原12个研究起点筛选,当前截面单列。可到期价格样本为6M 10点、12M 8点;目标价标签取目标日当天或之后首个交易日收盘。旧训练历史不能冒充这次十年回测。Evaluation retains twelve original research origins between 2023-10-06 and 2026-10-06, with the current snapshot separate. Mature price samples contain ten 6M and eight 12M observations. Targets use the first trading close on or after the target date. Older training history is not a ten-year backtest for this study.評價按2023-10-06至2026-10-06的原12個研究起點篩選,當前截面單列。可到期價格樣本為6M 10點、12M 8點;目標價標籤取目標日當天或之後首個交易日收盤。舊訓練歷史不能冒充這次十年回測。
| 期限Horizon期限 | 模型Model模型 | N | MAPE | MALE | 中位误差Median APE中位誤差 | P90误差P90 APEP90誤差 | 平均带符号误差Mean signed error平均帶符號誤差 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6M | H13基准H13 BaseH13基準 | 10 | 29.29% | 0.378754 | 31.84% | 50.21% | -26.45% |
| 6M | H09 | 10 | 14.33% | 0.147441 | 12.21% | 30.89% | -1.72% |
| 6M | 价格不变Price unchanged價格不變 | 10 | 21.14% | 0.253708 | 19.73% | 37.75% | -18.88% |
| 12M | H13基准H13 BaseH13基準 | 8 | 40.22% | 0.544408 | 45.93% | 52.44% | -38.45% |
| 12M | H09 | 8 | 14.91% | 0.162365 | 10.46% | 26.31% | -3.65% |
| 12M | 价格不变Price unchanged價格不變 | 8 | 32.20% | 0.420237 | 32.34% | 47.51% | -32.20% |
MAPE是平均绝对百分比误差,MALE是平均绝对对数误差,均越低越好;1−MAPE不能写成准确率。独立公允价值与市场未来价格存在概念差异,结果只能说明此研究方案与已到期交易价格的距离。MAPE is mean absolute percentage error and MALE is mean absolute log error; lower is better. One minus MAPE is not an accuracy rate. Independent fair value and future market price differ conceptually; these results describe this protocol’s distance from matured trading prices.MAPE是平均絕對百分比誤差,MALE是平均絕對對數誤差,均越低越好;1−MAPE不能寫成準確率。獨立公允價值與市場未來價格存在概念差異,結果只能説明此研究方案與已到期交易價格的距離。
| 期限Horizon期限 | 比较基准Comparison baseline比較基準 | MALE改善MALE improvementMALE改善 | MAPE改善MAPE improvementMAPE改善 | 中位误差恶化Median error worsening中位誤差惡化 | P90误差恶化P90 error worseningP90誤差惡化 | MALE差值95%配对区间95% paired CI for MALE differenceMALE差值95%配對區間 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6M | H09 | -156.88% | -104.32% | 160.82% | 62.55% | [0.120671, 0.450224] |
| 6M | 价格不变Price unchanged價格不變 | -49.29% | -38.55% | 61.38% | 33.03% | [-0.038810, 0.401536] |
| 12M | H09 | -235.30% | -169.67% | 339.25% | 99.29% | [0.151893, 0.612193] |
| 12M | 价格不变Price unchanged價格不變 | -29.55% | -24.91% | 42.03% | 10.38% | [-0.176889, 0.425231] |
预设实用筛选要求两期限均有完整覆盖、MALE改善至少5%、MAPE下降,且中位及P90误差恶化不超过10%。配对区间采用四起点移动区块、5000次抽样,只作探索性诊断,不把重复使用的历史写成独立样本外证明。The prespecified practical screen requires complete coverage at both horizons, at least 5% MALE improvement, lower MAPE and no more than 10% median/P90 worsening. Paired intervals use four-origin moving blocks and 5,000 draws for exploratory diagnosis; reused history is not independent out-of-sample proof.預設實用篩選要求兩期限均有完整覆蓋、MALE改善至少5%、MAPE下降,且中位及P90誤差惡化不超過10%。配對區間採用四起點移動區塊、5000次抽樣,只作探索性診斷,不把重複使用的歷史寫成獨立樣本外證明。
区间对应H13误差减基准误差的对数损失差;正值表示H13更差,与表中的“相对改善”百分比不是同一个单位。The interval measures H13 error minus baseline error in log loss. Positive values indicate worse H13 errors; these are not the same units as percentage relative improvements.區間對應H13誤差減基準誤差的對數損失差;正值表示H13更差,與表中的“相對改善”百分比不是同一個單位。
H13基准6M/12M MAPE为29.29%/40.22%,H09为14.33%/14.91%。价格实用门槛未通过。0M与现价差距只属于定价诊断;未来条件基本面价值接近成交价也不证明公允价值正确。H13 Base 6M/12M MAPE is 29.29%/40.22%, versus H09 14.33%/14.91%. The practical price screen does not pass. A 0M spot-price gap is a pricing diagnostic; proximity of future conditional fundamental values to trading prices does not prove fair-value correctness.H13基準6M/12M MAPE為29.29%/40.22%,H09為14.33%/14.91%。價格實用門檻未通過。0M與現價差距只屬於定價診斷;未來條件基本面價值接近成交價也不證明公允價值正確。
12M分析师基准:单独评价预期差异12M analyst benchmark: a separate expectations comparison12M分析師基準:單獨評價預期差異
12个同日配对,模型12M(t)对StockAnalysis All Analysts平均一年目标价(t)。这不是实际股价误差、真值或独立价值证明。分析师基准没有进入本分支参数选择;原始Pro记录和逐起点目标价保留内部。Twelve same-date pairs compare model 12M(t) with the StockAnalysis All Analysts average one-year target(t). This is not realized-price error, ground truth or proof of independent value. The analyst benchmark is excluded from branch parameter selection; raw Pro records and individual-origin targets remain internal.12個同日配對,模型12M(t)對StockAnalysis All Analysts平均一年目標價(t)。這不是實際股價誤差、真值或獨立價值證明。分析師基準沒有進入本分支參數選擇;原始Pro記錄和逐起點目標價保留內部。
| 模型Model模型 | N | 平均绝对差异Mean absolute gap平均絕對差異 | MALE | 中位差异Median gap中位差異 | 平均带符号差异Mean signed gap平均帶符號差異 | ±10% | ±20% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H13基准H13 BaseH13基準 | 12 | 36.02% | 0.413051 | 41.09% | -16.09% | 2/12 | 3/12 |
| H09 | 12 | 16.86% | 0.146112 | 8.81% | 13.24% | 7/12 | 9/12 |
H13平均绝对共识差异36.02%,H09 16.86%;H13平均带符号差异-16.09%。共识非恶化门槛未通过,原始日度目标价仍不公开。H13 mean absolute consensus gap is 36.02%, versus H09 16.86%; H13 mean signed gap is -16.09%. The consensus nonworsening screen does not pass. Individual daily targets are not published.H13平均絕對共識差異36.02%,H09 16.86%;H13平均帶符號差異-16.09%。共識非惡化門檻未通過,原始日度目標價仍不公開。
历史悬停记录的原始发布时间、修订和拆股沿革仍需要独立核验;本页只发布聚合差异。与共识接近不能证明模型更准确。Original release times, revisions and split lineage of historical tooltip records still need independent verification. Only aggregate gaps are public. Agreement with consensus does not establish greater accuracy.歷史懸停記錄的原始發佈時間、修訂和拆股沿革仍需要獨立核驗;本頁只發布聚合差異。與共識接近不能證明模型更準確。
StockAnalysis平均目标价图表StockAnalysis average-target chartStockAnalysis平均目標價圖表
敏感性:哪些假设决定结果Sensitivity: which assumptions drive the result敏感性:哪些假設決定結果
以下按冻结方案逐项改变假设,其他条件保持基准。结果是对假设的响应,不是优化后的参数或未来概率区间。The frozen sensitivity plan changes assumptions one at a time while retaining other Base conditions. Values are responses to assumptions, not optimized parameters or future probability intervals.以下按凍結方案逐項改變假設,其他條件保持基準。結果是對假設的響應,不是優化後的參數或未來概率區間。
| 假设变化Assumption change假設變化 | 0M USD | 6M USD | 12M USD |
|---|---|---|---|
| WACC下降1个百分点WACC down 1 percentage pointWACC下降1個百分點 | $299.15 | $312.61 | $326.65 |
| WACC上升1个百分点WACC up 1 percentage pointWACC上升1個百分點 | $230.24 | $242.60 | $255.53 |
| 终值增长2%Terminal growth 2%終值增長2% | $244.62 | $256.67 | $269.24 |
| 终值增长4%Terminal growth 4%終值增長4% | $280.14 | $294.01 | $308.50 |
| 终值ROIC 15%Terminal ROIC 15%終值ROIC 15% | $243.67 | $255.67 | $268.18 |
| 终值ROIC 35%Terminal ROIC 35%終值ROIC 35% | $267.15 | $280.36 | $294.15 |
| 共同终值4年Common terminal in 4 years共同終值4年 | $256.21 | $268.85 | $282.05 |
| 共同终值6年Common terminal in 6 years共同終值6年 | $260.73 | $273.60 | $287.05 |
| 非经营投资账面值下降20%Non-operating holdings down 20%非經營投資賬面值下降20% | $259.29 | $272.13 | $285.54 |
| 非经营投资账面值上升20%Non-operating holdings up 20%非經營投資賬面值上升20% | $260.93 | $273.77 | $287.18 |
| 股数代理下降2%Share proxy down 2%股數代理下降2% | $265.42 | $278.52 | $292.21 |
| 股数代理上升2%Share proxy up 2%股數代理上升2% | $255.01 | $267.60 | $280.75 |
| 本金储备为0倍(诊断)Principal reserve 0x (diagnostic)本金儲備為0倍(診斷) | $260.32 | $273.17 | $286.59 |
| 本金储备为2倍(诊断)Principal reserve 2x (diagnostic)本金儲備為2倍(診斷) | $259.90 | $272.73 | $286.13 |
基准冻结10Y输入为5.31%(2026-10-05),WACC代理10.55%。0M终值占经营价值71.30%;WACC上下1个百分点时0M为$230.24至$299.15,不是概率区间。前五年经济现金/NOPAT由82.68%升至96.43%,是固定资本强度下增长放缓的模型结果,非已实现现金转化。未根据上述敏感性选择更贴近现价或分析师的参数。Base uses the frozen 5.31% 10Y input dated 2026-10-05, giving a 10.55% WACC proxy. Terminal value contributes 71.30% of 0M operating value. A one-percentage-point WACC shift yields 0M values from $230.24 to $299.15, not a probability interval. Five-year economic cash/NOPAT rises from 82.68% to 96.43%: a modeled result of slower growth under fixed capital intensities, not realized conversion. No sensitivity is selected to better match spot or analysts.基準凍結10Y輸入為5.31%(2026-10-05),WACC代理10.55%。0M終值佔經營價值71.30%;WACC上下1個百分點時0M為$230.24至$299.15,不是概率區間。前五年經濟現金/NOPAT由82.68%升至96.43%,是固定資本強度下增長放緩的模型結果,非已實現現金轉化。未根據上述敏感性選擇更貼近現價或分析師的參數。
验证边界与已知缺口Validation boundaries and known gaps驗證邊界與已知缺口
SBC已经计入GAAP经营利润,本分支不能再把SBC全部加回现金流而忽略其股权成本。现有稀释股数代理不等于完整期权估值;未来发行、回购和派息要同时考虑现金与股数,不能重复创造价值。SBC is already expensed in GAAP operating income. Adding all SBC back while ignoring its equity cost would overstate value. The diluted-share proxy is not full option valuation. Future issuance, repurchases and dividends affect both cash and shares and cannot create value twice.SBC已經計入GAAP經營利潤,本分支不能再把SBC全部加回現金流而忽略其股權成本。現有稀釋股數代理不等於完整期權估值;未來發行、回購和派息要同時考慮現金與股數,不能重複創造價值。
资产融资本金对应负债、投资相关税负、受限投资可变现价值及经营承诺的处理仍有披露边界。没有单独确认的余额必须显示未知;不能将所有其他负债随意改成债务,也不能将未披露当成已证实为零。Disclosure boundaries remain for claims underlying asset-financing principal, investment taxes, realizable value of restricted investments and operating commitments. Unidentified balances remain unknown. Do not reclassify all other liabilities as debt or treat nondisclosure as a verified zero.資產融資本金對應負債、投資相關税負、受限投資可變現價值及經營承諾的處理仍有披露邊界。沒有單獨確認的餘額必須顯示未知;不能將所有其他負債隨意改成債務,也不能將未披露當成已證實為零。
本分支只明确扣除已识别的高级票据债务。Groq相关义务、资产融资期末余额、投资特定税负及已有期权/RSU权益并未完整映射;本金储备也不能证明估值是保守下限。This branch explicitly deducts identified senior-note debt only. Groq obligations, ending asset-financing claims, investment-specific taxes and existing option/RSU claims are not fully mapped. The principal reserve does not establish that the valuation is a conservative lower bound.本分支只明確扣除已識別的高級票據債務。Groq相關義務、資產融資期末餘額、投資特定税負及已有期權/RSU權益並未完整映射;本金儲備也不能證明估值是保守下限。
历史经营数据按原始财报可用日筛选;当前冻结指引与历史共识的完整不可变PIT沿革仍不齐全。三年历史已经被多个版本用于研究,重叠期限与小样本限制结论,独立未来验证仍需继续积累。Historical operating data is selected by original filing availability. Complete immutable PIT lineage for frozen guidance and historical consensus remains incomplete. Multiple versions have reused the three-year history; overlapping horizons and small samples constrain conclusions. The independent OOS validation remains incomplete and requires new prospective observations.歷史經營數據按原始財報可用日篩選;當前凍結指引與歷史共識的完整不可變PIT沿革仍不齊全。三年曆史已經被多個版本用於研究,重疊期限與小樣本限制結論,獨立未來驗證仍需繼續積累。
该桥只映射已确认高级债务,不完整映射资产融资、Groq付款义务、投资专属税负和现有期权/RSU价值。当前非经营资产为未证明税后可变现的总账面值,旧时期未单独披露的受限长期股权保留未知。本金储备不是证明整体估值保守下限。固定现金强度、股数、回购及账面资本权重均是研究假设。Bear/Base/Bull不带概率;终值ROIC不是已经观测的成熟NVDA事实。本轮无十年评价,不宣称独立样本外验证。The bridge maps identified senior debt, without fully mapping asset financing, Groq payment obligations, investment-specific taxes or existing option/RSU values. Non-operating assets are gross carrying values, not proven after-tax realizable amounts; separately undisclosed restricted LT equity in older origins remains unknown. The principal reserve does not prove a conservative lower bound. Fixed cash intensities, shares, repurchase policy and book-capital weights are research assumptions. Bear/Base/Bull have no probabilities, and terminal ROIC is not an observed mature-NVDA fact. There is no ten-year evaluation or independent OOS validation claim.該橋只映射已確認高級債務,不完整映射資產融資、Groq付款義務、投資專屬税負和現有期權/RSU價值。當前非經營資產為未證明税後可變現的總賬面值,舊時期未單獨披露的受限長期股權保留未知。本金儲備不是證明整體估值保守下限。固定現金強度、股數、回購及賬面資本權重均是研究假設。Bear/Base/Bull不帶概率;終值ROIC不是已經觀測的成熟NVDA事實。本輪無十年評價,不宣稱獨立樣本外驗證。
| 独立检查Independent check獨立檢查 | 检查数Check count檢查數 | 状态Status狀態 |
|---|---|---|
| data_accounting_audit.json | 1323 | 通过Passed通過 |
| independent_validation.json | 163216 | 通过Passed通過 |
| leakage_checks.json | 110 | 通过Passed通過 |
计算与信息隔离检查通过表示实现遵循冻结定义,不能替代预测优势或参数合理性的证据。只公开研究结论、方法与聚合比较,不公开原始训练表、现金流逐季账或Pro数据。Passing calculation and information-isolation checks means the implementation follows its frozen definition. It does not establish predictive advantage or validate assumptions. Public content contains original conclusions, methods and aggregate comparisons; raw training tables, quarterly cash ledgers and Pro data remain internal.計算與信息隔離檢查通過表示實現遵循凍結定義,不能替代預測優勢或參數合理性的證據。只公開研究結論、方法與聚合比較,不公開原始訓練表、現金流逐季賬或Pro數據。
研究结论与记录Research conclusion and record研究結論與記錄
H13 已完成独立现金流估值,但本轮三年股价误差及分析师平均目标价差异均大于H09。预设联合门槛未通过;保留H09价格预测研究参考,H13只作为条件基本面与现金折现解释层。它没有提升本次样本的预测表现,未晋升正式模型。H13 completes an independent cash valuation, but three-year price errors and analyst-target gaps are both larger than H09 in this study. The prespecified joint screen does not pass. Retain H09 as the research price-forecast reference; H13 remains a conditional fundamental and cash-discounting explanation layer. It does not improve this sample’s forecast performance and is not promoted to a formal model.H13 已完成獨立現金流估值,但本輪三年股價誤差及分析師平均目標價差異均大於H09。預設聯合門檻未通過;保留H09價格預測研究參考,H13只作為條件基本面與現金折現解釋層。它沒有提升本次樣本的預測表現,未晉升正式模型。
NVIDIA原始季度财报NVIDIA original quarterly releaseNVIDIA原始季度財報
原始SEC申报及附注Original SEC filing and notes原始SEC申報及附註
SEC结构化财报字段SEC structured filing factsSEC結構化財報字段
现金流/终值/验证方法资料Cash-flow / terminal / validation methodology現金流/終值/驗證方法資料
现金流/终值/验证方法资料Cash-flow / terminal / validation methodology現金流/終值/驗證方法資料
现金流/终值/验证方法资料Cash-flow / terminal / validation methodology現金流/終值/驗證方法資料
现金流/终值/验证方法资料Cash-flow / terminal / validation methodology現金流/終值/驗證方法資料
Frozen UTC 2026-10-07T15:29:15.360637+00:00 · Protocol SHA256 3997659cb9d2d8fd0d674ba09230747f1b5c91530db491defb595c0403bafc89
Public record SHA256 b1193796e5a46f89655d9e74bed80380e3283060094eb3074fd06671bc1b7052
H07–H10三年比较H07–H10 three-year comparisonH07–H10三年比較 · H12档案H12 archiveH12檔案 · H11档案H11 archiveH11檔案 · H10档案H10 archiveH10檔案 · H09档案H09 archiveH09檔案 · H08档案H08 archiveH08檔案 · H07档案H07 archiveH07檔案 · H06档案H06 archiveH06檔案 · H05档案H05 archiveH05檔案 · H04档案H04 archiveH04檔案 · H03档案H03 archiveH03檔案 · H02档案H02 archiveH02檔案